A、SELECT a.last_name, a.salary, a.department_id, b.maxsal FROM employees a, (SELECT department_id, max(salary)maxsal FROM employees GROUP BY department_id) b WHERE a.department_id = b.department_id AND a.salary < b.maxsal;

B、SELECT a.last name, a.salary, a.department_id FROM employees a WHERE a.department_id IN (SELECT department_id FROM employees b GROUP BY department_id having salary = (SELECT max(salary) from employees))

C、SELECT a.last_name, a.salary, a.department_id FROM employees a WHERE a.salary = (SELECT max(salary) FROM employees b WHERE a.department _ id = b.department _ id);

D、SELECT a.last_name, a.salary, a.department_id FROM employees a WHERE (a.department_id, a.salary) IN (SELECT department_id, a.salary) IN (SELECT department_id max(salary) FROM employees b GROUP BY department_id ORDER BY department _ id);