A、INSTR returns the numeric position of a named character.

B、NVL2 returns the first non-null expression in the expression list.

C、TRUNCATE rounds the column, expression, or value to n decimal places.

D、DECODE translates an expression after comparing it to each search value.

E、TRIM trims the heading or trailing characters (or both) from a character string.

F、NVL compares two expressions and returns null if they are equal, or the first expression if they are not equal.

G、NULLIF compares two expressions and returns null if they are equal, or the first expression if they are not equal.